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Purpose The duration of an obstructive apnea is dependent on gender, age, body position, and state. Termination of an obstructive respiratory event is attributed as the end result of an achieved specific negative inspiratory force, sufficient to result in cortical arousal. We used polysomnographic measures of tendency for arousal, hypothesizing that long apnea would be associated with a smaller tendency...
Background Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of mortality caused by neoplasias worldwide. Although cigarette smoking is the primary cause, not all smokers develop LC. Polymorphic variations in genes associated with carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, and cell-cycle dysregulation may alter an individual risk of developing LC. A polygenic cancer model was proposed, which considers genetic susceptibility...
Along with upper airway cough syndrome (formerly, postnasal drip syndrome) and eosinophilic airway inflammation (asthma, nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is generally considered among the most common etiologies of chronic cough. Indeed, cough management guidelines published by numerous respiratory societies worldwide recommend evaluation and treatment of...
Introduction Long-acting beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids combination products (LABA-ICS) are widely used in the treatment of asthma. However, there appears to be little data on their cardiovascular safety. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the available studies and trials on the cardiovascular safety of LABA-ICS in adults with asthma. Methods Two independent...
Purpose The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis is based on the presence of noncaseating granulomas in an appropriate clinical setting with either bilateral hilar adenopathy and/or parenchymal infiltrates. Lymphocytosis with an increased CD4/CD8 T cell ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is supportive. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of a predictive binary logistic regression model...
Background Whether antituberculosis (anti-TB) treatment in patients with chronic viral hepatitis affects the incidence and onset time of drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH) is still controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to find out whether chronic viral hepatitis affects the incidence and onset time of DIH. Methods All patients diagnosed with active TB and being treated at a tertiary...
Recent advances in our understanding of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) lead to the rational hypothesis that drugs capable of selective blockade of NaV subtypes may be a safe and effective strategy for the treatment of unwanted cough. Among the nine NaV subtypes (NaV1.1–NaV1.9), the afferent nerves involved in initiating cough, in common with nociceptive neurons in the somatosensory system, express...
Background Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent inhibitor of allergic diseases, the association between promoter −1082/−819/−592 polymorphisms and asthma susceptibility remains inconclusive. We sought to determine if IL-10 promoter −1082/−819/−592 polymorphisms contribute to asthma susceptibility and are associated with phenotypes of atopic asthma. Methods Systematic computerized searches...
Lung cancer is currently one of the most common malignant diseases and is responsible for substantial mortality worldwide. Compared with never smokers, former smokers remain at relatively high risk for lung cancer, accounting for approximately half of all newly diagnosed cases in the US. Screening offers former smokers the best opportunity to reduce their risk of advanced stage lung cancer and there...
In this case, we describe a patient with a history of recurrent pneumothorax. Based on CT-thorax and histopathology of the lung tissue, the Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome was suspected and confirmed after genetic testing. Recognizing this syndrome by pulmonologists and radiologists is very important, because the risk on developing of renal cell cancer is high.
Cough is among the most common symptoms with which people present for medical attention, but evidence-based treatments remain limited. One issue compromising interpretation of clinical trials of cough preparations is that control formulations often are nearly as effective as those that contain active ingredients. This observation has caused some researchers to propose that one or more nominally inactive...
Purpose This study investigated the diagnostic accuracy of the serum biomarkers osteopontin and mesothelin in discriminating mesothelioma patients from those with other, benign conditions and whether levels of the biomarkers differed in subjects who had inhaled naturally occurring asbestos compared with a non-exposed control group. Methods This cross-sectional study studied 24 subjects with mesothelioma,...
Multiple prospective studies have demonstrated that asthma is among the most common etiologies of chronic cough, along with upper-airway cough syndrome (formerly known as postnasal drip syndrome) and gastroesophageal reflux disease. More recently, the entity of nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis has been appreciated as a significant cause of chronic cough worldwide. Chronic cough associated with...
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression profile of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and non-COPD patients. Methods Microarray raw data (GSE29133) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, including three COPD samples and three normal controls. Gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix human genome u133 plus 2.0 GeneChip. Differentially...
Background The role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationships among polymorphisms, clinical phenotypes, and the serum levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1. Methods Polymorphisms of promoters of TNF-α (rs 361525 and rs 1800629) and TGF-β1 (rs 1800469)...
Purpose This study was designed to review outcomes of once- (QD) versus twice-daily (BID) radiotherapy (RT) for limited stage small-cell lung cancer (L-SCLC) treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Methods We reviewed records for all patients with L-SCLC treated with radical chemoradiotherapy at our institution between January 2005 and December 2010. Differences in...
Purpose Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) measurements are recommended for the assessment of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. Clinically relevant increases in FENO have been reported 24 h after positive specific inhalational challenge (SIC) tests in occupational asthma. We aimed to determine whether positive SICs could be discriminated from control tests, on the basis of change in...
Background The possible effects of pneumonia on subsequent lung cancer have been reported, but no relevant publications have focused on the association between pneumococcal pneumonia and lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to perform a nationwide population-based cohort study to investigate the risk of lung cancer after pneumococcus infection. Methods This nationwide population-based cohort...
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